Variant Qira’āt: Ijtihād or transmission? [Christmas special short article :)]

It has become a popular supposition among some Christian polemists and atheists that the variant Qira’āt were not a transmission originating from the holy Prophet ﷺ, but rather came into existence when the Qurrā’ recited the skeletal text of the Mushaf based on their ijtihad. In this article I have presented few of such examples where the Qurrā’ had an option, or multiple options to go with the particular skeletal frame, but they simply didn’t go with it. The examples are bound to be valid kalām, but not necessarily أفصح (approaching absolute eloquence). The presence of a multiplicity of such examples is a practical proof in support of the traditional Islamic position, other than the multitude of narrations implying the same. It must be noted that this article is a small part of a complete paper, and some of the later examples are incomplete, and therefore it is bound to be updated regularly. Sharing or endorsing the entirety of this article is highly unencouraged.

1) (وَمِنۡ ءَایَـٰتِهِۦ خَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰ⁠تِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَـٰفُ أَلۡسِنَتِكُمۡ وَأَلۡوَ ٰ⁠نِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِی ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ لَـَٔایَـٰتࣲ لِّلۡعَـٰلِمِینَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 22]
This verse must have been read as (وَمِنۡ ءَایَـٰتِهِۦ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰ⁠تِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَٱخۡتَلَـفَ أَلۡسِنَتَكُمۡ وَأَلۡوَ ٰ⁠نَكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِی ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ لَـَٔایَـٰتࣲ لِّلۡعَـٰلِمِینَ); however, not even one of the variant Qira’āt reciters has read it so

2) Some of them say that many of the variants are not of much use that they be revealed, like ya’lamūn and ta’lamūn, and so on. We say: it is false because the Qur’an speaks of many such variants in different verses; so if it can be in different verses, it can also be in a single verse with multiple Qira’āt. The examples are many, some of the posed recitations may be lesser in rhetoric, but grammatically applicable and usable, for example: (لِیَكۡفُرُوا۟ بِمَاۤ ءَاتَیۡنَـٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ) [Surah An-Nahl 55] (لِیَكۡفُرُوا۟ بِمَاۤ ءَاتَیۡنَـٰهُمۡ وَلِیَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ۚ فَسَوۡفَ یَعۡلَمُونَ) [Surah Al-Ankabut 66] (لِیَكۡفُرُوا۟ بِمَاۤ ءَاتَیۡنَـٰهُمۡۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا۟ فَسَوۡفَ تَعۡلَمُونَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 34] – Another example is: (أَلَمۡ تَعۡلَمۡ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰ⁠تِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ *یُعَذِّبُ مَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیَغۡفِرُ لِمَن یَشَاۤءُۗ* وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرࣱ) [Surah Al-Ma’idah 40] (*یُعَذِّبُ مَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیَرۡحَمُ مَن یَشَاۤءُۖ* وَإِلَیۡهِ تُقۡلَبُونَ) [Surah Al-Ankabut 21]
3) (فَأَنجَیۡنَـٰهُ وَأَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلسَّفِینَةِ وَجَعَلۡنَـٰهَاۤ ءَایَةࣰ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ) [Surah Al-Ankabut 15]
Could have been recited للعٰلِمين, as it has been recited in the next chapter (وَمِنۡ ءَایَـٰتِهِۦ خَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰ⁠تِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱخۡتِلَـٰفُ أَلۡسِنَتِكُمۡ وَأَلۡوَ ٰ⁠نِكُمۡۚ إِنَّ فِی ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ لَـَٔایَـٰتࣲ لِّلۡعَـٰلِمِینَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 22]
In this verse of Surah Ar-Rum, everyone except Hafs an ‘Āsim has read it للعٰلَمين

4) (ضُرِبَتۡ عَلَیۡهِمُ ٱلذِّلَّةُ أَیۡنَ مَا ثُقِفُوۤا۟ إِلَّا بِحَبۡلࣲ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَحَبۡلࣲ مِّنَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَبَاۤءُو بِغَضَبࣲ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَضُرِبَتۡ عَلَیۡهِمُ ٱلۡمَسۡكَنَةُۚ ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ كَانُوا۟ یَكۡفُرُونَ بِـَٔایَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَیَقۡتُلُونَ ٱلۡأَنۢبِیَاۤءَ بِغَیۡرِ حَقࣲّۚ ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا۟ وَّكَانُوا۟ یَعۡتَدُونَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 112]
The verse could have been read with ضربتُ in both the places and الذلةَ and المسكنةَ , but not even one Qāri’ has read it so.

5) (وَمَا كَانَ لِنَفۡسٍ أَن تَمُوتَ إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ كِتَـٰبࣰا مُّؤَجَّلࣰاۗ وَمَن یُرِدۡ ثَوَابَ ٱلدُّنۡیَا نُؤۡتِهِۦ مِنۡهَا وَمَن یُرِدۡ ثَوَابَ ٱلۡـَٔاخِرَةِ نُؤۡتِهِۦ مِنۡهَاۚ وَسَنَجۡزِی ٱلشَّـٰكِرِینَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 145]
Could have been read وسيُجزى, but none has read it so.

6) (وَكَأَیِّن مِّن نَّبِیࣲّ قَـٰتَلَ مَعَهُۥ رِبِّیُّونَ كَثِیرࣱ فَمَا وَهَنُوا۟ لِمَاۤ أَصَابَهُمۡ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا ضَعُفُوا۟ وَمَا ٱسۡتَكَانُوا۟ۗ وَٱللَّهُ یُحِبُّ ٱلصَّـٰبِرِینَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 146]
This verse has a special variation of Qira’āt, because the context is pretty befitting for both the Qira’āt of قتل.

7) (یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِن تُطِیعُوا۟ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ یَرُدُّوكُمۡ عَلَىٰۤ أَعۡقَـٰبِكُمۡ فَتَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَـٰسِرِینَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 149]
Could have been recited فتُنقلبوا in this context, but none recited it. This usage would have been more befitting than it could been in (یَـٰقَوۡمِ ٱدۡخُلُوا۟ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ ٱلۡمُقَدَّسَةَ ٱلَّتِی كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡ وَلَا تَرۡتَدُّوا۟ عَلَىٰۤ أَدۡبَارِكُمۡ فَتَنقَلِبُوا۟ خَـٰسِرِینَ) [Surah Al-Ma’idah 21] Because in this surah maidah verse, Allah is directly addressing a people… While earlier a third party was also present.

8) (سَنُلۡقِی فِی قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلرُّعۡبَ بِمَاۤ أَشۡرَكُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ مَا لَمۡ یُنَزِّلۡ بِهِۦ سُلۡطَـٰنࣰاۖ وَمَأۡوَىٰهُمُ ٱلنَّارُۖ وَبِئۡسَ مَثۡوَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 151]
Could have been recited سيُلقى, but none recited it. It is important to note that reciting سيُلقى in such a context where the previous and the next verse both talk of Allah as a second person, is easier on tongue.

9) (وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ أَن یَغُلَّۚ وَمَن یَغۡلُلۡ یَأۡتِ بِمَا غَلَّ یَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِۚ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسࣲ مَّا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا یُظۡلَمُونَ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 161]
<يُغَلَّ – قنبل،ورش> Could have been recited (وَمَا كَانَ لِنَبِیٍّ أَن *یُغَلَّۚ وَمَن *یُغۡلَلۡ یَأۡتِ بِمَا *غُلَّ یَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِۚ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسࣲ مَّا كَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا یُظۡلَمُونَ)

10) (وَلَا تَسُبُّوا۟ ٱلَّذِینَ یَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ فَیَسُبُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عَدۡوَۢا بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمࣲۗ كَذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ زَیَّنَّا لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ عَمَلَهُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِم مَّرۡجِعُهُمۡ فَیُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ) [Surah Al-An’am 108]
Could have been recited as (وَلَا تَسُبُّوا۟ ٱلَّذِینَ *یُدۡعَونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ *فَیُسَبُّوا۟ ٱللَّهُ عَدۡوَۢا بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمࣲۗ كَذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ زَیَّنَّا لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ عَمَلَهُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِم مَّرۡجِعُهُمۡ فَیُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ) And it would have a very befitting meaning, but none recited it so.

11) (وَقَالُوا۟ هَـٰذِهِۦۤ أَنۡعَـٰمࣱ وَحَرۡثٌ حِجۡرࣱ لَّا یَطۡعَمُهَاۤ إِلَّا مَن نَّشَاۤءُ بِزَعۡمِهِمۡ وَأَنۡعَـٰمٌ حُرِّمَتۡ ظُهُورُهَا وَأَنۡعَـٰمࣱ لَّا یَذۡكُرُونَ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَیۡهَا ٱفۡتِرَاۤءً عَلَیۡهِۚ سَیَجۡزِیهِم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ یَفۡتَرُونَ) [Surah Al-An’am 138]
Could have been recited as (وَقَالُوا۟ هَـٰذِهِۦۤ أَنۡعَـٰمࣱ وَحَرۡثٌ حِجۡرࣱ لَّا یَطۡعَمُهَاۤ إِلَّا مَن *يَّشَاۤءُ بِزَعۡمِهِمۡ وَأَنۡعَـٰمٌ حُرِّمَتۡ ظُهُورُهَا وَأَنۡعَـٰمࣱ لَّا یَذۡكُرُونَ ٱسۡمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَیۡهَا ٱفۡتِرَاۤءً عَلَیۡهِۚ سَیَجۡزِیهِم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ یَفۡتَرُونَ) [Surah Al-An’am 138]
Making it a false speech which the polytheists could have attributed to Allah (the pronoun referring to Allah). And the word بزعمهم gives this recitation fortification. None has recited it.

12) (فَلَنَسۡـَٔلَنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ أُرۡسِلَ إِلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَنَسۡـَٔلَنَّ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِینَ) [Surah Al-A’raf 6]
It could have been (*فَلَيَسۡـَٔلَنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ *أَرۡسَلَ إِلَیۡهِمۡ *وَلَيَسۡـَٔلَنَّ ٱلۡمُرۡسَلِینَ) None recited it so.

13) (یَـٰبَنِیۤ ءَادَمَ إِمَّا یَأۡتِیَنَّكُمۡ رُسُلࣱ مِّنكُمۡ یَقُصُّونَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ ءَایَـٰتِی فَمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰ وَأَصۡلَحَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ یَحۡزَنُونَ) [Surah Al-A’raf 35]
Could have been recited as (یَـٰبَنِیۤ ءَادَمَ إِمَّا *تَأۡتِیَنَّكُمۡ رُسُلࣱ مِّنكُمۡ *تَقُصُّونَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ ءَایَـٰتِی فَمَنِ ٱتَّقَىٰ وَأَصۡلَحَ فَلَا خَوۡفٌ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ یَحۡزَنُونَ) And it would have been perfect from the grammatical sense, as the feminine pronouns have already been used for رُسُل in (۞ تِلۡكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلۡنَا بَعۡضَهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضࣲۘ مِّنۡهُم…) [Surah Al-Baqarah 253] (وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولࣱ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُۚ… ) [Surah Aal-E-Imran 144] (وَلَقَدۡ كُذِّبَتۡ رُسُلࣱ مِّن قَبۡلِكَ… ) [Surah Al-An’am 34]

14) (وَنَادَىٰۤ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ أَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدۡ وَجَدۡنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقࣰّا فَهَلۡ وَجَدتُّم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمۡ حَقࣰّاۖ قَالُوا۟ نَعَمۡۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُۢ بَیۡنَهُمۡ أَن لَّعۡنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ) [Surah Al-A’raf 44]
Could have been recited as (وَنَادَىٰۤ *أَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ *أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ أَن قَدۡ وَجَدۡنَا مَا وَعَدَنَا رَبُّنَا حَقࣰّا فَهَلۡ وَجَدتُّم مَّا وَعَدَ رَبُّكُمۡ حَقࣰّاۖ قَالُوا۟ نَعَمۡۚ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنُۢ بَیۡنَهُمۡ أَن لَّعۡنَةُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَى ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ)

15) (یَوۡمَ یُحۡمَىٰ عَلَیۡهَا فِی نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكۡوَىٰ بِهَا جِبَاهُهُمۡ وَجُنُوبُهُمۡ وَظُهُورُهُمۡۖ هَـٰذَا مَا كَنَزۡتُمۡ لِأَنفُسِكُمۡ فَذُوقُوا۟ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡنِزُونَ) [Surah At-Tawbah 35]
Could have been (یَوۡمَ ¶یُحۡمَىٰ عَلَیۡهَا فِی نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ فَتُكۡوَىٰ بِهَا *جِبَاهَهُمۡ *وَجُنُوبَهُمۡ *وَظُهُورَهُمۡۖ هَـٰذَا مَا كَنَزۡتُمۡ لِأَنفُسِكُمۡ فَذُوقُوا۟ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَكۡنِزُونَ)

16) (فَلَمَّا جَاۤءَ أَمۡرُنَا جَعَلۡنَا عَـٰلِیَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمۡطَرۡنَا عَلَیۡهَا حِجَارَةࣰ مِّن سِجِّیلࣲ مَّنضُودࣲ) [Surah Hud 82]
Could have been عليها but none recited it so. It also refutes Fadi’s theory of alif al-khanjariyya

17) (وَعۡدَ ٱللَّهِۖ لَا یُخۡلِفُ ٱللَّهُ وَعۡدَهُۥ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا یَعۡلَمُونَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 6]
Could have been recited as وَعَدَ اللهُ, but none recited it so.

18) (ضَرَبَ لَكُم مَّثَلࣰا مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡۖ هَل لَّكُم مِّن مَّا مَلَكَتۡ أَیۡمَـٰنُكُم مِّن شُرَكَاۤءَ فِی مَا رَزَقۡنَـٰكُمۡ فَأَنتُمۡ فِیهِ سَوَاۤءࣱ تَخَافُونَهُمۡ كَخِیفَتِكُمۡ أَنفُسَكُمۡۚ كَذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ نُفَصِّلُ ٱلۡـَٔایَـٰتِ لِقَوۡمࣲ یَعۡقِلُونَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 28]
Could have been recited *نُفَضِّلُ*

19) (وَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلنَّاسَ ضُرࣱّ دَعَوۡا۟ رَبَّهُم مُّنِیبِینَ إِلَیۡهِ ثُمَّ إِذَاۤ أَذَاقَهُم مِّنۡهُ رَحۡمَةً إِذَا فَرِیقࣱ مِّنۡهُم بِرَبِّهِمۡ یُشۡرِكُونَ) [Surah Ar-Rum 33] *Could have been recited as *مُبَيِّتَينَ* (=settled in homes)

20) (وَوَصَّیۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ بِوَ ٰ⁠لِدَیۡهِ حَمَلَتۡهُ أُمُّهُۥ وَهۡنًا عَلَىٰ وَهۡنࣲ وَفِصَـٰلُهُۥ فِی عَامَیۡنِ أَنِ ٱشۡكُرۡ لِی وَلِوَ ٰ⁠لِدَیۡكَ إِلَیَّ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ) [Surah Luqman 14]
Could have been recited as *إلَى المصير* (=Thank me and your parents until the final destination) But none recited it so.

21) (أَلَمۡ تَرَوۡا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰ⁠تِ وَمَا فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَأَسۡبَغَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ نِعَمَهُۥ ظَـٰهِرَةࣰ وَبَاطِنَةࣰۗ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن یُجَـٰدِلُ فِی ٱللَّهِ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمࣲ وَلَا هُدࣰى وَلَا كِتَـٰبࣲ مُّنِیرࣲ) [Surah Luqman 20]
Could have been recited as *وأَشْبَعَ*, but none recited it so.

22) (وَإِذَا غَشِیَهُم مَّوۡجࣱ كَٱلظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصِینَ لَهُ ٱلدِّینَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّىٰهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡبَرِّ فَمِنۡهُم مُّقۡتَصِدࣱۚ وَمَا یَجۡحَدُ بِـَٔایَـٰتِنَاۤ إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارࣲ كَفُورࣲ) [Surah Luqman 32] *could have been recited (?) مُفْتَضِدٌ (=scattering away, closing, folding)

23) (وَإِذَا غَشِیَهُم مَّوۡجࣱ كَٱلظُّلَلِ دَعَوُا۟ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصِینَ لَهُ ٱلدِّینَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّىٰهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡبَرِّ فَمِنۡهُم مُّقۡتَصِدࣱۚ وَمَا یَجۡحَدُ بِـَٔایَـٰتِنَاۤ إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارࣲ كَفُورࣲ) [Surah Luqman 32]
Could have been recited as *جَبَّارٍ كفور*, but none did.

24) (مِّنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ رِجَالࣱ صَدَقُوا۟ مَا عَـٰهَدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ عَلَیۡهِۖ فَمِنۡهُم مَّن قَضَىٰ نَحۡبَهُۥ وَمِنۡهُم مَّن یَنتَظِرُۖ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا۟ تَبۡدِیلࣰا) [Surah Al-Ahzab 23]
Could have been recited as *فمنهم من قُضِيَ نُحبُّهُ* but none recited it so.

25) (قُلۡ إِنَّ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ ٱلَّذِی تَفِرُّونَ مِنۡهُ فَإِنَّهُۥ مُلَـٰقِیكُمۡۖ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَـٰلِمِ ٱلۡغَیۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِ فَیُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ) [Surah Al-Jumu’ah 8] Could have been recited as *فَنُنَبِّئُكُم* But none recited it so.

26) (فَأَرۡسَلۡنَا عَلَیۡهِمۡ رِیحࣰا صَرۡصَرࣰا فِیۤ أَیَّامࣲ نَّحِسَاتࣲ لِّنُذِیقَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلۡخِزۡیِ فِی ٱلۡحَیَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنۡیَاۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلۡـَٔاخِرَةِ أَخۡزَىٰۖ وَهُمۡ لَا یُنصَرُونَ) [Surah Fussilat 16]
Could have been recited as أُخۡرَىٰۖ

27) *(وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِی مَدَّ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَجَعَلَ فِیهَا رَوَ ٰ⁠سِیَ وَأَنۡهَـٰرࣰاۖ وَمِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَ ٰ⁠تِ جَعَلَ فِیهَا زَوۡجَیۡنِ ٱثۡنَیۡنِۖ *یُغۡشِی ٱلَّیۡلَ ٱلنَّهَارَۚ* إِنَّ فِی ذَ ٰ⁠لِكَ لَـَٔایَـٰتࣲ لِّقَوۡمࣲ یَتَفَكَّرُونَ) [Surah Ar-Ra’d 3] And similarly there is another verse

28) *(وَأَنَّ *ٱلۡمَسَـٰجِدَ* لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدۡعُوا۟ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣰا) [Surah Al-Jinn 18]

29) *(عَـٰلِیَهُمۡ ثِیَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضۡرࣱ وَإِسۡتَبۡرَقࣱۖ وَحُلُّوۤا۟ أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةࣲ وَسَقَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ شَرَابࣰا طَهُورًا) [Surah Al-Insan 21] Could have been recited عليهم ثيابُ سندسٍ حُضِرَ وإستبرقٍ

30) *(فَمَالِ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ قِبَلَكَ مُهۡطِعِینَ) [Surah Al-Ma’arij 36]

31) (إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یُحِبُّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِی سَبِیلِهِۦ صَفࣰّا كَأَنَّهُم بُنۡیَـٰنࣱ مَّرۡصُوصࣱ) [Surah As-Saf 4]
Could have been recited as يُقتلون , but none did so

32) (ذِكۡرُ رَحۡمَتِ رَبِّكَ عَبۡدَهُۥ زَكَرِیَّاۤ) [Surah Maryam 2] Could have been ذَكِّرْ رَحمتَ ربِّكَ… But none recited so

33) In Surah al-Ahqaf both these verses could have had variants – but there aren’t. (وَلَقَدۡ أَهۡلَكۡنَا مَا حَوۡلَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ *وَصَرَّفۡنَا* ٱلۡـَٔایَـٰتِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ یَرۡجِعُونَ) [Surah Al-Ahqaf 27] (وَإِذۡ *صَرَفۡنَاۤ* إِلَیۡكَ نَفَرࣰا مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ یَسۡتَمِعُونَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُوۤا۟ أَنصِتُوا۟ۖ فَلَمَّا قُضِیَ وَلَّوۡا۟ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمِهِم مُّنذِرِینَ) [Surah Al-Ahqaf 29]

34) (وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ رَبَّنَاۤ أَرِنَا *ٱلَّذَیۡنِ* أَضَلَّانَا مِنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ وَٱلۡإِنسِ نَجۡعَلۡهُمَا تَحۡتَ أَقۡدَامِنَا لِیَكُونَا مِنَ ٱلۡأَسۡفَلِینَ) [Surah Fussilat 29] Could have been الذين normally, but none recited it so

35) *(حُرِّمَتۡ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أُمَّهَـٰتُكُمۡ وَبَنَاتُكُمۡ وَأَخَوَ ٰ⁠تُكُمۡ وَعَمَّـٰتُكُمۡ وَخَـٰلَـٰتُكُمۡ وَبَنَاتُ ٱلۡأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ ٱلۡأُخۡتِ وَأُمَّهَـٰتُكُمُ ٱلَّـٰتِیۤ أَرۡضَعۡنَكُمۡ وَأَخَوَ ٰ⁠تُكُم مِّنَ ٱلرَّضَـٰعَةِ وَأُمَّهَـٰتُ نِسَاۤىِٕكُمۡ وَرَبَـٰۤىِٕبُكُمُ ٱلَّـٰتِی فِی حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَاۤىِٕكُمُ ٱلَّـٰتِی دَخَلۡتُم بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمۡ تَكُونُوا۟ دَخَلۡتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ وَحَلَـٰۤىِٕلُ أَبۡنَاۤىِٕكُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ مِنۡ أَصۡلَـٰبِكُمۡ وَأَن تَجۡمَعُوا۟ بَیۡنَ ٱلۡأُخۡتَیۡنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدۡ *سَلَفَۗ* إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورࣰا رَّحِیمࣰا) [Surah An-Nisa’ 23]
May have been سبق….

36) *(۞ وَلَوۡ یُعَجِّلُ ٱللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ ٱلشَّرَّ ٱسۡتِعۡجَالَهُم بِٱلۡخَیۡرِ لَقُضِیَ إِلَیۡهِمۡ أَجَلُهُمۡۖ فَنَذَرُ ٱلَّذِینَ لَا یَرۡجُونَ لِقَاۤءَنَا فِی طُغۡیَـٰنِهِمۡ یَعۡمَهُونَ) [Surah Yunus 11] May have been فيذر…

 

(Whatever good it has is from Allah and all sorts of errors and mistakes are from Shaytan and my Nafs and I seek Allah’s forgiveness)

Posted with the highest praise of Almighty Allah on Saturday the 25th of December, 2021

Author: ahmad7890

4 thoughts on “Variant Qira’āt: Ijtihād or transmission? [Christmas special short article :)]

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *